In Kenya, the journey from a town to a city is not just about size, it’s about growth, governance, and meeting strict standards set by law. While many towns dream of city status, only a few have managed to meet the qualifications outlined in the Urban Areas and Cities Act, 2011 (Revised 2019).
For a town to be elevated to city status, it must have a minimum population of 500,000 residents. This requirement ensures that the area has a large enough population to sustain urban services, economic activities, and infrastructure.
A city must have adequate infrastructure, including; well-developed road networks and public transport systems, reliable water and electricity supply, efficient waste management systems and modern communication networks. These facilities are essential to support a growing population and ensure sustainable urban living.
The town must be an economic hub, contributing significantly to the national or county economy. This includes hosting industries, commercial centers, financial institutions, and investment opportunities that create employment and promote trade.
Strong and accountable leadership is key. The town must have a functional and transparent governance structure, with; proper urban management systems, efficient service delivery mechanisms and established frameworks for citizen participation and accountability. This ensures that the city can manage its affairs effectively and promote good governance.
For a town to qualify as a city, it must offer adequate social services, such as; quality healthcare facilities, educational institutions, recreational and cultural centers and affordable housing and security services. These amenities enhance the quality of life for residents and make the city livable.
Cities must demonstrate commitment to environmental sustainability. This involves proper waste management, green spaces, pollution control, and strategies for climate resilience. Sustainable urban planning is essential for long-term growth.
Finally, the elevation process is formal. The county government where the town is located must apply to the President through the Cabinet Secretary for Devolution. A technical committee then assesses whether the town meets all the legal criteria before the President grants a charter officially conferring city status.
So far, Kenya has Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, and Eldoret recognized as cities. Meru has recently been proposed for elevation, a sign of growth and transformation in the region.
City status is more than a title, it’s a symbol of progress, planning, and people-centered development. As more towns like Meru continue to expand, achieving city status reflects Kenya’s vision of building inclusive, sustainable, and well-governed urban centers.